Vologda is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dviā¦Vologda is a city and the administrative center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the river Vologda within the watershed of the Northern Dvina. Population: 313,944 ; 301,755 ; 293,046 ; 282,802. The city serves as a major transport hub of the Northwest of Russia. The Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation has classified Vologda as a historic city, one of 41 in Russia and one of only three in Vologda Oblast. The Russian Cultinfo website wrote that there were 224 monuments of historical, artistic and cultural importance in Vologda.