If obstruction is suspected or there is a primary abdominal symptom, auscultation is always done first. During routine examination when no abnormalities are suspected, the examiner typically starts ...

The presence of an abdominal murmur has been most extensively studied in hypertension secondary to stenosis of the renal artery. Murmurs are frequently present in such cases, but their diagnostic ...

Auscultation is the next component in the physical assessment of the infant. Auscultation is most effective when the infant is in a quiet state. Warming of the hands and stethoscope and use of a ...