Introduction -- Physical properties of magma -- Intrusion of magma -- Forms of igneous bodies -- Cooling of igneous bodies and other diffusion processes -- Classification of igneous rocks -- ...

The British Isles are composed of a remarkable combination and variety of rock types assembled over millennia. We can never hope to understand all their curios and quirks in a short series of articles ...

Igneous rocks are Earth’s original rocks. They form when magma (molten rock within the Earth) or lava (at the surface) cools to stone. The composition of the rock that melts and where that melt later ...

A new atlas charts the global distribution of unusual, critical-metal-bearing igneous rocks, finding that they often form near the thick and ancient cores of the world's major continents. Researchers ...

Layered intrusions are large, stratified bodies of mafic to ultramafic igneous rock that record the physical and chemical evolution of magma as it cools and crystallizes in the crust. Their formation ...

Apatite is a ubiquitous accessory mineral in igneous rocks that faithfully records magmatic volatile inventories, trace element distributions and thermal histories. Its crystal structure accommodates ...

The rover found that Jezero Crater’s floor is made up of volcanic rocks that have interacted with water. Scientists got a surprise when NASA’s Perseverance Mars rover began examining rocks on the ...