Nearly two decades after the discovery of knotted proteins, most researchers think the strangely tangled molecules are too unwieldy to play much part in a cell's activities. This notion is changing.

Tie a trefoil knot in a piece of string, seal the ends together, and try to wiggle it free without cutting. In three-dimensional space, the knot holds firm. Add a fourth spatial dimension, however, ...

Proteins are long chains of amino acids that are essential building blocks for all living things. These chains form complex three-dimensional shapes that play a key part in their function—when ...

Since the origins of the mathematical knot theory, development of which was prompted by early attempts of understanding structure of atoms, knotted fields and vortices arise in superstring and quantum ...