Neuronal pathways originating from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of the brain participate in different adaptive behaviors, but which pathways are used for distinct adaptive strategies remains unclear ...

In the split second that is needed to view a stop sign and react to it, our brain navigates a complex process that transitions seamlessly from perception to action control. This ability to halt or ...

Neuroscientists find that two distinct neural pathways are responsible for the addictive properties of the opioid fentanyl: one mediates reward, the other promotes the seeking of relief from symptoms ...

The brain of humans and other animals is known to contribute to the protection of the body from infections. Past studies have ...

The ability to measure the connectivity of each neuron in a neural circuit has established large maps of neuronal pathways—the connectome. But the extent to which those connectivity measurements alone ...

Because unpleasant withdrawal symptoms fuel nicotine addiction’s high relapse rate, targeting their underlying mechanisms with treatments may promote continued abstinence from the drug. In a new ...

For the first time, scientists have generated a functional neural pathway for sensing pain in a dish. This could help unravel mechanisms of pain disorders. “This is important groundbreaking work,” ...

Researchers at University of Tsukuba have identified a previously uncharacterized neural circuit that directly links emotional processing to arousal. In the pathway, GABAergic neurons in the bed ...

Stroke and spinal cord injuries can severely impair motor functions, and understanding how to promote recovery is a critical challenge. While damaged neurons in the brain and spinal cord have limited ...

The Wei lab is interested in the regulation of cell signaling and tissue homeostasis by metalloproteinases and other proteins in development and disease. Project 1. The mechanisms of neural crest ...

When engineers build AI language models like GPT-5 from training data, at least two major processing features emerge: memorization (reciting exact text they’ve seen before, like famous quotes or ...