"Yes or no: was there once life on Mars?" I can't say. "What about intelligent life?"' That seems most unlikely, but again, I can't really say. The simple yes-or-no framework has no place for shadings ...
The outcomes of rolling a six-sided die are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. A probability of zero means an outcome is impossible. A probability of 1 means an outcome is certain ...
Probability underpins AI, cryptography and statistics. However, as the philosopher Bertrand Russell said, “Probability is the most important concept in modern science, especially as nobody has the ...