Learn to calculate unlevered beta and understand how it isolates market risk by removing debt impact, empowering investors to compare company risks effectively.

For a static model of n individuals generated by heavy-tailed losses, under the assumption that there exist asymptotic independence and dependence structures between the losses, we derive asymptotic ...

Investing is all about striking the right balance between risk and return. There are different types of risks in the stock market and there are ways to mitigate them. All investors naturally want to ...

Learn what active risk is and how to calculate it. Understand the methods to evaluate active risk in portfolios and explore examples of funds outperforming benchmarks.

Investing means taking a certain amount of risk in order to achieve your financial goals. There are distinct categories and types of risk investors contend with, including systematic and unsystematic ...

Private capital markets are no longer a side story in global finance. Despite the sector’s insistence that it brings many benefits to the broader economy, the growing size of private capital markets ...

Benzinga explains the various measures used by smart investors to measure risk and return more accurately. Investing is about getting the most bang for your buck. Average investors chase high returns, ...

The Prudential Regulatory Authority (PRA) has warned of “systemic risk” within the bulk annuity market as insurers compete for defined benefit (DB) pension schemes’ business. Specifically, the ...