Alexandria Nyembwe is a registered nurse and health writer. She has worked in street medicine serving populations experiencing homelessness in Skid Row Los Angeles as well as in cardiovascular care in ...

There are a few common extra heart sounds that the clinician may encounter. These include ejection sounds that occur with pulmonic or AS heard in early systole, “clicks” that are heard in mitral or ...

A Means-Lerman scratch is a mid-systolic sound over the upper sternum. It occurs in end expiration and is associated with hyperthyroidism. It is caused by a pulmonary ejection murmur in the setting of ...